Iimpawu ze-Oxide Layer kunye noKhetho lweNkqubo yokuPickling Ngaphambi koNyango lweTitanium Alloy Surface

2026-07-10

Iialloy zeTitanium zikhula ngokwendalo utshintsho lomphezulu ngexesha lonyango lobushushu kunye nemisebenzi yesibini yoomatshini. Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo abavelisi abadibana nazo ziifilimu ze-oxide zangaphandle kunye neeleya zokusasazeka kweoksijini eziphantsi komhlaba. Ezi ziphazamiso zimbini zesakhiwo zezona zibangela iingxaki zokususa iikali kunye nomgangatho womphezulu ongaguqukiyo, nto leyo echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuthembeka kunye nokusebenza ngokubanzi kweendawo zetitanium ezigqityiweyo. Eli nqaku labelana ngengqiqo esebenzayo yefektri malunga nendlela ezikhula ngayo iikali ze-titanium oxide kunye neeleya zokusasazeka kweoksijini, indlela ezichaphazela ngayo ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-pickling, kunye nendlela yokukhetha eyona ndibaniselwano ilungileyo yokususa iikali zoshishino ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zokwenyani zokucubungula ubushushu. Inika isikhokelo sobugcisa esisebenzayo kubavelisi abajolise ekwenzeni ngcono unyango lomphezulu we-titanium alloy imisebenzi yokusebenza kunye nokuzinzisa umgangatho wokugqibela wemveliso.

1. Kutheni Unyango Lomphezulu Lubalulekile Kwiinxalenye zeTitanium Alloy

Unyango lobushushu — nokuba lwenziwa phakathi kwemveliso okanye njengenyathelo lokugqibela lokugqiba — ngokungenakuphepheka kushiya i-oxidation, ungcoliseko lomphezulu, kunye nomsebenzi ophezulu weekhemikhali kumphezulu we-titanium. Yingakho ukucoca ngobuchwephesha kunye nokulungiselela umphezulu kube ngamanyathelo aqhelekileyo, abalulekileyo ekuvelisweni kwe-titanium kwimizi-mveliso, kufeza imisebenzi emithathu ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yokwenyani.

Ukucocwa koMphezulu opheleleyo Ukwenziwa kwezinto, unyango lobushushu, kunye nokwenziwa ngoomatshini konke oku kushiya izikali ze-oxide eziqinileyo, iintsalela zobushushu, kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo. Unyango olufanelekileyo lomphezulu lususa ezi zinto zingcolisayo zingafunekiyo kwaye lubuyisele i-titanium metal matrix ecocekileyo, ecocekileyo ukuze isetyenzwe emva koko.

Zinzisa Umsebenzi weeKhemikhali I-titanium ecocekileyo isabela kakhulu xa ivezwa emoyeni, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe sesichengeni sokungcoliswa komgangatho wesibini kunye nongcoliseko lomphezulu. Unyango lomphezulu olulawulwayo lunciphisa ukusebenza komphezulu ngempumelelo, luthintela ukuwohloka komgangatho ngexesha lokwenziwa ngakumbi kunye nenkonzo yexesha elide entsimini.

Isiseko seCoating esiSebenzayo Iingubo zokukhusela eziquka iifilimu ezichasene nokugqwala, ezimelana nobushushu obuphezulu, kunye neefilimu ezingagugiyo zixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kumphezulu osisiseko olungiselelwe kakuhle. Ukugqitywa komphezulu ngobuchule kuphucula kakhulu ukufana komphezulu kunye nokunamathela kwengubo, kwandisa ubomi benkonzo kwaye kwandisa uzinzo loomatshini bezinto ze-titanium ezigqunyiweyo.

2. Ukwenziwa kweeLayers zeOxide kunye neeLayers zeOxygen Diffusion ezingaphantsi komhlaba

Yonke inkqubo yokukhetha izinto zokusebenza ze-titanium imiselwa bubume bomphezulu obuyilwe ngexesha lokucubungula ubushushu. Izinto ezinje ngobushushu bokufudumeza kunye nexesha lokubamba ngexesha lokubumba, ukubumba, ukuwelda, kunye nonyango lobushushu zibumba ngokuthe ngqo ubukhulu, uxinano, kunye nokuzinza kweekhemikhali zeeleya ze-oxide yomphezulu kunye neeleya zokusasazeka ngaphantsi komhlaba.

Ukufudumeza okufutshane okanye okuphantsi kobushushu (ngaphantsi kwama-600°C)
Xa icutshungulwa phantsi kwama-600°C, i-titanium ivelisa kuphela ifilimu ye-oxide encinci, eyakhiwe ngokungacwangciswanga kumphezulu wayo wangaphandle. Olu maleko lunomxube olula kunye namandla okubopha abuthathaka. Ukucoca okuqhelekileyo kwemizi-mveliso kwanele ukunyibilikisa ngokupheleleyo nokususa le filimu, ngaphandle kwemfuneko yamanyathelo anzima ngaphambi konyango.

Ubushushu obuphezulu (ngaphezu kwama-600°C)
Xa amaqondo obushushu okucubungula enyuka ngaphezu kwama-600°C, imeko yomphezulu itshintsha kakhulu. I-Titanium yenza umaleko we-oxide wangaphandle otyebileyo, oxineneyo, onamathele ngokuqinileyo. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, indawo yokusasazeka kwe-oxygen-rich rich — eyaziwa ngokubanzi ngokuba yi-oxygen-stabilized alpha layer — yenza ngqo phantsi komphezulu we-oxide. Lo maleko ongaphantsi komhlaba uqinile, uphantsi kwi-ductility, kwaye awunayo ikhemikhali. Awunakususwa ngeendlela zokucoca ezisisiseko. Naluphi na umaleko wokusasazeka oshiyekileyo kwi-titanium substrate uya kubangela iziphene zomphezulu, ukusebenza kakubi kwe-machinability, kunye nokungaphumeleli kwangaphambi kwexesha kweemveliso ze-alloy ze-titanium.

3. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokususa i-Titanium Oxide kwiMizi-mveliso

Iileya ze-oxide zahluka kakhulu ngobukhulu kunye nobunzima besakhiwo, ngoko ke akukho ndlela inye yokususa iikali esebenza kuzo zonke iimeko. Abavelisi be-titanium kwimizi-mveliso baxhomekeke kwiiteknoloji ezintathu ezivuthiweyo neziqinisekisiweyo zokususa iikali, nganye ineenzuzo ezizodwa kunye noluhlu lwezicelo ezijolise kuzo.

3.1 Ukususa iikalika ngoomatshini Izisombululo eziqhelekileyo zoomatshini ziquka ukuqhumisa isanti, ukucofa i-shot peening, kunye nokusila umphezulu ngokuchanekileyo. Le ndlela igqwesile ekususeni izikali ze-oxide eziqinileyo nezinzima eziveliswa ngexesha lokucubungula ubushushu obuphezulu. Ikhupha ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo ii-oxides zomphezulu we-macroscopic. Oko kuthethiweyo, ukucubungula ngoomatshini kujolise kuphela kumphezulu wangaphandle kwaye akunakususa iileya zokusasazeka kwe-oxygen-rich-level ezifakwe nzulu kwi-titanium matrix. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, isetyenziswa ikakhulu njengenkqubo yangaphambi konyango endaweni yesisombululo sokugqiba esizimeleyo.

3.2 Ukucoca iTyuwa eTyhidiweyo Unyango lokuhlamba ngetyuwa enyibilikisiweyo lufaka izinto zokusebenza zetitanium kwi-alkaline salt media enobushushu obuphezulu. I-chemical reaction eyenziwa kule ndawo ikhulula kwaye ihlube izikali ze-oxide ezixineneyo, ezinobushushu obuphezulu ezinzima ukuzisusa ngeendlela zoomatshini. Isebenza kakuhle kakhulu kwiindawo zetitanium ezimile okwesimilo esintsonkothileyo ezinokwakheka kwe-oxide etyebileyo, okwenza kube yinkqubo ethandwayo yonyango lwangaphambi kokuba kusetyenziswe izinto zetitanium ezicutshungulwayo ezinobushushu obuphezulu.

3.3 Ukususa iikhemikhali zokukha iikhemikhali Uninzi lweemigca zemveliso yokugqiba i-titanium zobungcali zisebenzisa inkqubo yokugaya i-HF-HNO3 mixed acid. I-reaction ye-chemical dissolving reaction elawulwayo isusa ngokupheleleyo ii-oxides ezisele kumphezulu kunye neengqimba zokusasazeka kwe-oxygen-rich. Xa yenziwe ngokuchanekileyo, i-industrial pickling ivelisa umphezulu we-titanium ococekileyo, okhanyayo, ongasebenzi kakhulu ohlangabezana ngokupheleleyo nemigangatho engqongqo ye-substrate yokugaya ngokuchanekileyo, ukugqiba kokugqibela, kunye nokufakwa kwe-high-performance coating.

4. Iinkqubo eziSebenzayo zokuHlanganisa kunye neMigaqo yoKhetho

Kwimveliso yokwenyani yemizi-mveliso, ukuthembela kwindlela enye yokususa iikalika akunakunceda ekufezekiseni ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu kunye nomgangatho wokucoca ochanekileyo. Abavelisi be-titanium abanamava bahlala besebenzisa iinkqubo ezidibeneyo, ezilungiselelwe ngokwembali yobushushu yesixhobo ngasinye kunye nemeko yokwenyani yomaleko we-oxide.

Kwimiqolo ye-oxide eyenziwe phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphakathi okanye obuphantsi, indlela yokusebenza yemveliso eqhelekileyo idibanisa nokuba kukususwa kweesikali ngoomatshini kunye nokugaywa okucolekileyo, okanye ukuhlamba ngetyuwa enyibilikisiweyo ngaphambi konyango kunye nokugaywa okucolekileyo. Ukucubungula ibhafu ngoomatshini okanye ngetyuwa kuqala kuyaphula kwaye kususe uninzi lwezikali ze-oxide zangaphandle ezixineneyo, kunciphisa uxinzelelo lokucubungula ukuze kucocwe kakuhle okulandelayo. Inyathelo lokugqibela lokugaya lisusa iifilimu ezincinci ze-oxide ezisele kunye nemiqolo yokusasazeka engaphantsi komhlaba, inika umphezulu we-titanium ococekileyo ofanayo, ongenasiphako.

Kwizinto zokusebenza ezifudunyezwa ngaphezu kwama-600°C ezine-oxide exineneyo kunye neeleya zokusasazeka, ukuhlamba ngetyuwa enyibilikisiweyo kuyimfuneko. Kuphula ulwakhiwo oluzinzileyo lwezikali ze-oxide ezishushu kakhulu, kubeka isiseko sokucoca ngokucokisekileyo i-pickling. Kwelinye icala, iindawo ezifudunyezwa okwethutyana malunga nama-600°C ngeefilimu ze-oxide ezibhityileyo nezikhululekileyo zinokucocwa ngokupheleleyo nge-pickling eqhelekileyo yenyathelo elinye, ngaphandle konyango lwangaphambi konyango.

5. Isiphelo

Iihinge zokususa ii-titanium alloy ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezihambelana nenkqubo efanelekileyo nemvelaphi yokulungiswa kobushushu ekhethekileyo kunye neempawu zomaleko we-oxide. Umxube ofanelekileyo wokususa ii-mechanical, unyango lwetyuwa enyibilikisiweyo, kunye nokucoca ngamakhemikhali kunokususa ngokupheleleyo izikali ze-oxide yomphezulu kunye neengqimba eziyingozi zokusasazeka kwe-subsurface. Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lweeparameter zenkqubo luqinisekisa i-substrate ye-titanium ezinzileyo, esemgangathweni ophezulu, edala iimeko ezinokuthenjwa zokugquma okulandelayo, umatshini wokuchaneka, kunye nenkonzo yemizi-mveliso yexesha elide. Olu ngqamaniso lwenkqubo olujoliswe kuyo luphambili ekugcineni ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwezixhobo ze-titanium ezigqityiweyo.